Lucretius (94 - 50 B.C.)

This Roman philosopher supports the duality of spiritual atoms (wave Eternons) and material atoms (particle Eternons). Ultimately, it is impossible to separate the mind from the body. Consciousness is the interaction of both and is present in each of the atoms that compose them.

Shankara (Eighth Century A..D.)

Indian philosopher and mystic, he becomes the renovator of Hinduism. He believes that at the deepest level, there is no difference between our sensory self (our human structure) and our spiritual self (our Leading Eternon). Unfortunately, most of us never live up to realize this fundamental identity. And because of our imperfect human existence, we condemn our Eternon to Samsara, the cycle of births and deaths.

Ibn Arabi (1165 - 1240)

An Islamic spiritual master, he defends pantheism, claiming that there is a divine presence (Universal Energy) in all things and all beings. He invites humans to transcend their dualism and discover the spiritual essence of their inner self (Leading Eternon).

Bruno (1548 - 1600)

Born in Italy, Bruno is a monk, teacher, philosopher who refuses to stay confined to the boundaries of Christianity. He is burned at the stake by the Inquisition in 1600. Bruno sustains that he universe is made of imperishable small parts he calls "monads" (Eternons). The term "monad" will be later revived by Leibniz. Monads unite to form things and bodies in various ways. The human soul is a monad (Leading Eternon) that migrates in different bodies. The soul of the World (Universal Energy) is within all matter and animates it. Bruno even suggests that the entire Earth is a sensible and rational organism. This hypothesis will be revived centuries later as the concept of the Living Gaia.

Spinoza (1632 - 1677)

This extraordinary philosopher, born in Holland, is excommunicated from the Jewish faith because of his views. He claims that there is only one substance, one basic stuff which constitutes the entire universe: God (Absolute/Universal energy). There is no body without mind, and no mind without body (consciousness is everywhere). A rock, a plant, a dog, a human, all are body and mind.